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                           Unix Introduction Final                                                                PART-7    7.1 Compiling UNIX software packages   We have many public domain and commercial software packages installed on our systems, which are available to all users. However, students are allowed to download and install small software packages in their own home directory, software usually only useful to them personally. There are a number of steps needed to install the software. Locate and download the source code (which is usually compressed) Unpack the source code Compile the code Install the resulting executable Set paths to the installation directory Of the above steps, probably the most difficult is the compilation stage.     Compiling Source Code All high-level language code must be converted into a form the computer understands. For example, C language source code is converted into a lower-level language called as

 UNIX Tutorial Five    5.1 File system security (access rights) In your unixstuff directory, type       % ls -l (l for long listing!) You will see that you now get lots of details about the contents of your directory, similar to the example below.  Each file (and directory) has associated access rights, which may be found by typing ls -l  Also, ls -lg gives additional information as to which group owns the file (beng95 in the following example):       -rwxrw-r-- 1 ee51ab beng95 2450 Sept29 11:52 file1 In the left-hand column is a 10 symbol string consisting of the symbols d, r, w, x, -, and, occasionally, s or S. If d is present, it will be at the left hand end of the string, and indicates a directory: otherwise - will be the starting symbol of the string. The 9 remaining symbols indicate the permissions, or access rights, and are taken as three groups of 3. The left group of 3 gives the file permissions for the user that owns the file (or d